Who forgives?

If you follow my blog then I assume that you are at least somewhat aware that last week a soldier went off base and murdered multiple villagers, mostly women and children.  I don’t know what that story has done to your heart.  From the news coverage from the soldier’s country I gather that there is a sense of sadness for this soldier and his family.  Perhaps everyone finds it hard to believe that this man committed these awful acts, after all, he was raised in a country with higher standards, part of a fighting force with strict orders about the treatment of civilians.  To that end, it might have been encouraging to read the articles in the past 2 days, after the soldier’s name was revealed.  Along with his name, several stories were told about this man’s past traumas, and his current family.  By the time I finished reading those articles, I saw him as a man, not just a murderer.  Perhaps the same has happened for you, and perhaps we would agree that this information and perspective change helps us not lose hope in the war, in our soldiers, etc.  Pause for a minute, however, and consider the remaining family members of the murder victims.  They have just buried their wives, daughters, and children, including a child the same age as my boy that you all love so much.  There wasn’t a makeup artist that could hide the bullet hole in that child’s head; that is the last thing that the remaining family members saw when they put that child in the ground.  Pause.  What does that family feel?  Does that family care about the story behind that soldier? 

If only, right?  If only we could explain to this family that the soldier had suffered head injuries, and been on too many tours, and was wading through some family troubles back home.  If only we could help them see the man, as his loved ones knew him, before he became known to the world as a murderer.  Wouldn’t that somehow provide some solace for their broken hearts?  Maybe not.  Maybe their wounds are too raw. Maybe for a while the only thing that makes sense to the families of those victims is violent revenge.  That’s unfortunate isn’t it?

If only.  If only we in the west would inquire and learn more about the lives of the people that are labeled terrorists.  If only we would sort out the differing motives of the different organizations, to see that few are a global threat, and the rest have only domestic agendas.  If only we would ask questions about the situations into which these organizations were birthed, and understand the amount of turmoil and traumas those people have been through.  If only we would see them as people: husbands, fathers, brothers of people that would probably break our hearts if we met them face-to-face and heard their stories.  Wouldn’t that somehow make us more concerned about the amount of civilian causalities our troops cause there?  Maybe not.  Maybe 9/11 wounded us too much to see other perspectives.  Maybe for a while the only thing that makes sense is violent revenge.  That’s unfortunate, isn’t it?

Forgiveness sucks.  I mean it’s hard.  Much easier to believe our rightness and our victimization justifies our unforgiveness.  If the other side can’t see us as human, why would we bother to see them as human, right? 

Then one day a man came along and told people, “love your enemy.”  Some of his listeners blew wine out of their noses when they heard him make that joke.  Wait, he wasn’t joking.  In fact, he lived love for his enemies.  Take these examples:

He empathized with the sinner.  He knew why people did what they did, and addressed their hearts rather than punishing their sins.

He walked with the people that did the very sins that He commanded them not to.  He gave them a chance; He got to know them.

He forgave everything that they backwardly, purposely, spitefully, ignorantly did to Him, even though it literally killed him.

Who then is more equipped to forgive an enemy?  Followers of this man, or those that don’t yet believe or follow Him? 

Yes we would all love our enemies to come groveling to us, and we can try to force that with all the wealth and might of the world, but how can we say we follow the Savior if we don’t obey his commands?  How can we say we obey his commands if we don’t love our enemy?  How can we love our enemy if we don’t try to understand them, empathize with their traumas, and forgive them for their offenses to us?

Reflections on protesting

It seems we have made it through the protests and unrest here.  The last blog I posted was definitely the most dramatic day of that week for us.  The next day there was also a protest in front of the main UN office, but no one got hurt.  The day after that we were all back at work.  Now that some time has passed I want to share some of my reflections on the past week, and this whole aspect of life here:

-Going through the day I described in my last blog post, I did not feel any fear.  The next day when I read some new articles I quickly thought, “wow this sounds pretty scary.”  Does that indicate that we’re naïve here on the ground?  I don’t think so, I think it indicates that the news is becoming increasingly sensational.  At the same time, I think we continue to adapt more to this place, and that helps us keep level heads about what is going on, and how to not only stay safe, but well.  I won’t say much on this or you’ll think we’re frogs in the boiling pot.

-I was not, and still am not, alarmed by children chanting, “death to America.”  It surprised me, but I couldn’t get over the fact that I knew those kids, and they knew me.  The next day my wife and son walked the street, chatted with kids as they went along, and had a nice time out.  It has really hit me how impressionable kids are.  If kids that know us and enjoy interacting with us on a regular basis suddenly absorb hate messages against us, that tells me they’re impressionable.  This has made me think about how important it is for us to be here offering counter-influence.  By counter-influence I mean that we live in front of them, and speak with them, disproving the messages they hear that make our people group seem like an enemy.

-I was also in the bazaar 2 days after I wrote last, and had a nice conversation with a couple teenagers.  Usually teenagers here are awfully rude, but these two wanted to find out how the protests had been for me.  I made it clear that I’m not with the army camp, rather I live in a local house and work only with locals in an office that serves poor communities.  Then I could see that they were not going to argue with me, on the contrary they seemed interested in my opinion in how to stop the conflict.  They remarked about how foolish it was for their neighbors to join the protests and lights cars on fire.  “What’s the point of that?” they asked.  I’m always encouraged to talk with moderate, sensible young men, but even more so in the wake of the heated protests.

-When I learned the reason for the Qur’an burning, it raised a serious question and concern.  I decided my staff’s answer was going to be an important gauge of my willingness to keep working in this country.  I do this sometimes.  I pick an issue or an incident that I have a strong opinion about, and gather opinions from my local staff, and use this as an indicator of our common ground (or grounds for me to consider cycling the staff out and getting a new team!).  This time the issue was: can they differentiate between the pastor who burned a Qur’an as a statement last year, and the army men who burned the Qur’ans that were found with notes between prisoners this year?  I was pleased with the results from my informal inquiry.  All of the staff I talked to acknowledged the difference in motives.  The sharper ones also said that it was good that the Marines confiscated the Qur’ans that had been inscribed, because it is also not allowed to write in a Qur’an at all.  Then they suggested that the better outcome would have been if the foreign soldiers had turned over the books to the government.  If this would have happened, the government could have made a very strong religious-political move against the insurgency, saying that they are not really Muslims because they desecrate the Qur’an by writing in it.  Unfortunately this did not happen, who would have cheered for the foreigner troops had they turned the books over to the government, are upset with the troops for taking the matter into their own hands and improperly disposing of them by burning them. 

-My last reflection is that I am astounded by the readers’ comments on the American news articles covering the Qur’an burning protests.  Public fatigue for a decade long military intervention is understandable, but now the comments are growing stronger and more hateful.  That’s unfortunate, because that’s not going to help anyone.  If you’re tempted to jump on the hatewagon and wish that this country would implode and obliterate all it’s people so that it is no longer a bother to the west, please talk to me when I get home, I want to have discussions with folks like this.

If you had spent Thursday with me...

It was a busy week.  Normally I like to reflect and write on key themes in my time here, but with the current state of things I can’t keep up with the reflections, and if I don’t begin writing, I will lose memory of what has gone on.  So, conclusions can come later, today I’ll just write you a rough account of how my day went yesterday.

5am:  The neighbor’s cat is in heat again, and her yowling has woken me.  Quickly Dave and his family and his villages’ situation comes to my mind (read “The Mudslide Story”), and I spend some time thinking about it and trying to decide what should be done.  A week prior I had been to the NATO camp to meet with a USAID rep and ask them to get involved.  There were lots of reasons why they couldn’t get involved, of course.  I have been waiting for weeks for the UN disaster management cluster meeting to happen, and it is scheduled for this morning.  I really don’t want to go to a meeting on my weekend, especially after a 12-hour day yesterday, capping a 60+ hour workweek.  I doubt that this group of organizations will have any positive response for Dave’s village.  Still I have all these reasons in my head why they should do something, not least of these being their mandate for humanitarian assistance.  So, I better go, in case there’s a chance I can successfully lobby them to give aid.  I give a last thought about how our supporters back home would probably be happy if we just bailed out Dave and his family, and I cringe at the thought.  Maybe I’m wired all wrong, but it’s harder for me to think about saving one family and leaving the rest of the village at risk, when I believe there is a better way to respond so that all at risk are helped, and the causes for their vulnerability are dealt with as well.  But for that, I need the help of bigger aid organizations, so it’s settled, I will go to the meeting this morning.

9am: I remember that we’re under tightened security after the Qur’an burning, so I better make some calls and find out if there’s anything going on.  I call a couple sources and our team leader, everything seems peaceful, so I can go to the meeting.  I call Dave and ask him to pick me up and drive me to the meeting at the governor’s conference room.  He’s thrilled to hear that I’m going to take his case to this meeting.  What have I set him up for?  There’s no promise that anything will come from this meeting. 

10am:  I arrive at the governor’s compound, and have to pass security.  Two guards interrogate me in the local language, search me thoroughly, give me dirty looks (all the meanwhile letting several local man with turbans walk right in).  Should have brought my ID I guess.  I get to the conference room: 49 empty chairs, and 1 guy from another NGO.  A meeting agenda was waiting on the table, written only in the local language, so I poke through it with my 2^nd grade reading ability.  When am I going to find the time to learn to read better?  15 minutes later, they all start to shuffle in.  When there are nearly 30 around the table, the vice-governor shows up, taking the place of the governor who was run out of town (or so the rumor goes).

10:30am:  The vice-governor is well into his explanation of the survey of 120 families that are homeless because of flooding, and my phone starts to ring.  First it’s my local colleague, telling me that protests have broken out in town, going around the park.  Then my team leaders calls and confirms the protests.  Then it’s Dave, my driver, who had been waiting on the street between the governor’s compound and the park, in our white NGO vehicle.  He says that the protesting crowd is targeting white NGO vehicles, smashing windows and lighting them on fire.  Being warned of this by the police, Dave took off, put promised to come back for me with our red vehicle.  Around the room, others are becoming aware of the protests, and the leader of the meeting addresses it by saying, “yes there’s protests targeting NATO and other associated foreigners, they won’t come here.”  1 Italian man and I are the only foreigners in the room.  Alright well, my driver is gone, they say it’s safe here, I guess I just sit tight here.

The meeting goes on, but it does not go well in my opinion.  Although this cluster is called “Disaster Management”, the only topic the leader wants to discuss is the immediate response for the 120 flood-victim families.  I try to empathize and imagine what it would be like to have my home destroyed by a rush of water, and how tough it would be especially now while the nighttime temps are still in the 20s.  Everyone agrees something must be done, but the vice-governor is not satisfied with the specifics, so he calls for a round robin, and each person around the table states how their organization will help.  One by one the NGO leaders offer food, blankets, tents, and clothes.  The UN groups offer to help with the collaboration and transportation.  One NGO rep says that he does not have anything to offer, and he gets completely chewed out and told to come up with something.  The Italian has a translator, so he doesn’t have to talk.  Now it’s my turn, so I give it my best in the local language, “Honorable leaders, I represent a small NGO that does not typically engage in relief activity because it complicates our development work.  However we are prepared to do a variety or resilience-building and damage control activities such as rock flood walls, to prevent the number of flood-destroyed homes from increasing.”  I thought I had done alright, but the vice-governor shook his head and said that we needed to keep our attention on the immediate need, and not these other things that are done every year in places that don’t need it.  I didn’t argue, and I knew that my chance to lobby for disaster mitigation for Dave’s village was also not going to happen.  The meeting went on, but never reached the point of considering how to keep the number of 120 homes from growing in the coming 3 months when more floods are likely. 

After the meeting ended I chatted privately with a couple guys that I knew, to ask them if they could help with Dave’s village.  When they heard it was a village at the foot of a hill they quickly said, “Well, in that situation we view it as a human cause.  Those people have dug into the mountain to make their walls, so they have brought the danger upon themselves.”  I briefly argued the point that the majority of flood-damaged houses are built on marginal land that should also be zoned for no buildings.  Ha, land-zoning, this country is a long way from that.  I also urged them to remember that disasters prevented saves more lives than these blanket and tent distributions in the aftermath.  It seemed they didn’t have ears for me. 

11:45am:  Meeting is done, now how do I get home?  I call my driver, he says town is a wreck, but is trying to get back to me.  I call a couple other informants, they give me enough info that I trust I can get out of the gov compound and away from the park quickly.  I tell the dirty-look guards to have a nice day, blend into a group of men my age on the sidewalk, fold my hands behind my back and walk just like they do until I reach the corner, see my driver, jump in, and we’re off.  The bazaar is crazy busy, lots of police trying to appear to be doing something, rickshaws weaving in and out of traffic, carts with oranges and chickens and yarn and hairbows trying not to get hit while crossing the road, and fortunately, we don’t see anyone that appears to be protesting.

1pm:  Got home, had a nice lunch with my wife while the boy was being watched by the neighbor (the one with the cat in heat… hmm I guess I better not poison her cat if she babysits my kid).  Now I’m going over to pick him up, and my guard and the one from next door are having tea in my yard.  I greet them, ask them what the morning gossip is, and they point to the sky.  A big Apache helicopter roars over us, toward the NATO camp.  We all look toward the camp and see a thick, black plume of smoke going up from the camp.  They ask me what is going on.  I say, in the basest of terms, “how should I know?”  Went home and put the boy down for his nap, and thought for a while about whether we should prepare for something to happen.  Prepare for what though?  Normally when we think evacuation, we think that if it gets really bad, we can always evacuate into the camp, but now it’s the camp that is on fire.  Hmm, what is plan B?  Lay low I guess, and have a bag and a car ready to split out of town if we have to.

2:30pm:  I’m working in the yard with my guard.  We’re just finishing the disassembly of my homemade swingset when I get a call from our team leader.  She says that the protestors had broken into the first parking lot in the NATO camp, smashed up some cars, and lit them and a fuel tank on fire.  That explained the black smoke.  She said the camp itself hadn’t been breached, and no one had been killed, although at least a dozen young men (protestors) had been injured and hospitalized.  What now?  It seemed to be over, although there were now rumors of meetings between the big mullahs and the government to decide what would be a fitting protest for tomorrow. 

3:15pm:  Driver Dave is back to help me move some big things out of my yard and into the yard we will be moving into.  For one of the trips I ride in the back to steady the load.  As I get out of the gate I see a couple of the cute little kids from next door.  They greet me politely and with smiles as always.  Then another boy from my street, not more than 7 years old, comes toward me yelling “death to America” over and over again.  I don’t pay him any attention.  The other kids all along the street hear him and join in.  The group of yelling, chasing kids grows for the whole 200-meter trip.  What do I feel right now, in this moment?  I look at the kids, and I see kids.  Not just any kids, but the kids I have seen and interacted with for the past 15 months.  I know them, they know me, I know they’re not going to do any harm to me, but why are they saying this?  I remember the words of an older teammate that I respect very much.  He once told me that in insecure places, the best way to understand the sentiment of the religious leaders is to listen to the children.  I think this friend was probably right, but still, these kids are not going to do anything to hurt me, they haven’t picked up rocks.  We reach the destination and I get off the back of the truck and just talk to the kids as if they weren’t yelling and acting angry.  Their yelling stops, they return to playing, and I go about my work with Dave and my guard. 

3:30pm:  We’re still working at moving some things between the yards (from within, not on the street) when a mix of firecrackers and AK-47 fire goes off outside the gate of the new yard we are moving into.  The other 2 guys and I head to the back of the yard where there is another exit.  After a minute the firing stops and just the hollering of young men continues.  My guard tells me that the office guard just returned from the bazaar and reported that people there were really stirred up.  I make his concern crack into a smile when I say, “So now is not a good time for me to go get a haircut, I really need one?” 

6:30pm:  To end the day I spend a half hour in the sauna.  I review the day in my mind.  It went differently than I expected, but I’m not upset.  I didn’t get much done, but nothing too bad had happened, and that was good.  It’s hard to know what tomorrow will hold, but I don’t feel that being nervous or afraid will do anything.  Despite all of these things that seem so unfortunate and out of control, I feel at peace and alright with being here. 

30 hours later:  It’s now Friday night, and for those that might have been concerned about what Friday would bring, it was a quiet day.  A little more gunfire on the streets, and definitely some protests took place, but not like yesterday’s attack on the camp.  The longer we are here, the more we learn to just stay inside when things are questionable, and not freak out when anything happens, because just as quickly as these incidents spring up, they die back down just the same.   

The two perspectives from the poverty pit

 For the past two weeks I have been wrestling with the situation of Dave, one of my drivers (read “The mudslide story”).  As tempting as it would be to do a one-off relief project for this man that I know personally, the scale of the problem makes it difficult to do a quick solution.  What really needs to happen is that the whole community would get behind the cause, in order to reduce their vulnerability. 

A disaster program specialist once said that a disaster is when a hazard occurs in a vulnerable situation.  This means that an avalanche on Antarctica is not a disaster because no one is vulnerable to it, but a monsoon in the flood plains of Bangladesh is a major disaster because millions of people decide to shrug about the imminent risks and live in that vulnerable place anyway (and 200,000 Bangladeshis die each year because of this).  This theory and these examples should help us think twice about the notion that relief from the outside is the best way to care for disaster victims. 

What’s better than relief?  Communities that say, “enough suffering,” and look for ways that they can reduce their vulnerability to likely hazards.  I’m currently reading through the training books put out by Tearfund UK explaining how to facilitate such communities.

It’s a lovely thought isn’t it, to imagine Dave’s whole community coming around him and spending their time and money to try to reduce the vulnerability of his and 3 other families.  But is that the only perspective from the community about the risks at hand?  All of the community would fall into a category we would call “poor”, but are there any differences in their priority concerns?

Leave those questions for a moment, and travel with me to the squatter communities of Manila, Philippines.  These are the communities where I first learned about participatory community development.  In these communities you find people living in tin, plywood, tarp, or cardboard houses.  They live so close together that some families have to sleep in shifts, because there’s not enough space for everyone to lay flat on the floor.  No running water, no sanitation, no schools, no health care, and basically it seemed: no escape.  Some seemed motivated to get out, and were scrimping and saving and doing everything they could to send children to outside schools.  Others seemed apathetic to their misery, and some of those sunk in alcohol or gambling addictions.  Going into the squatters there was always this feeling, “man I hope some of these children can get out of here.”  I keenly remember one day when I was doing some anthropological study of one community, and a small group of young adults made a sad illustration of poverty in their place.  They told of the various ways that their parents’ generation had tried to escape the squatters, but never could.  They said that poverty is like a pit, and while there is a ladder, it’s too dark for most to see it.  If someone does work hard and think creatively about how to find and climb the ladder, he will never make it all the way up, because while he’s climbing, the others will hear him, seize his ankles, and yank him back down into the pit with them.  Painful picture to think about, isn’t it?  Doesn’t your heart go out to those ones that try to climb the ladder?  What do you think of the ones that pull them back down?  Who do you favor in this story?

Hold on to your responses to these questions, and now come back to the village where Dave’s neighbors have just been killed by a landslide, and Dave’s family is in equal danger.  Who do you favor in this story?  What should the community do? 

I was stuck today, to realize that the participatory community effort that I hoped Dave’s community would do for him is exactly the type of thing that grabs at the heels of the motivated poor man trying to climb out of the pit.  Dave has to try to grab; he has no other options.  What about the others in the community that live further from the hill and thus do not share the vulnerability Dave is in?  Do they look at Dave and say, “you were told not to build there, you knew it could be dangerous, now go away, I do not want to share the consequences for your bad decisions because it will pull me back down from the investments and savings I have made for my own family.” 

Do you hear these opposing perspectives from the poverty pit?  Which one resonates with you?  Where do you find your own perspective on the poor, and your posture and response to them? 

The mudslide story

 Last week I was talking with one of the project drivers and he mentioned that his wife had taken the kids and moved out of the house.  He explained that she did this because she no longer felt safe in the home he had built for them there.  The reason she felt unsafe was because less than 3 weeks ago a mudslide completely destroyed their neighbors’ house.  Some of the damage had since been cleaned up, but a mess still remained.  I asked the driver, whom I will call Dave, what needed to be done, and he said he was spending every spare minute trying to shovel dirt so that his home would be safe again.  This sounded simple enough, so I told him I would come over on the weekend with my shovel and help him.

The weekend came and kaka and I grabbed shovels (he didn’t have much choice in the matter!) and went to Dave’s house.  My enthusiasm about actually having some practical work to do was quickly let down when we approached Dave’s house and saw him 150 ft up the hillside that towered over his house.  He was up there working away with a shovel, trying to shovel dirt down from the whole hillside.  It wasn’t until I took a walk around the house that I could even see what he was trying to do.  His house was nested right at the base of the hill, in fact, to build it years ago his elders had cut into the hillside with shovels, and used that dirt to build the walls for their houses.  They are so close to the looming hill that clearly, any shift in the hillside would send soil into their yard.  This was exactly what had happened to the house behind Dave’s, which was now destroyed.

As I was inspecting the rubble of Dave’s neighbor’s house, he came and quietly told the story of what had happened in the night a couple weeks ago.  He woke in the middle of a rainy night to a thunderous sound.  He ran outside and realized the sound was coming from just behind his house.  Running there with a light he saw that the whole hillside was covering his neighbors’ house.  He quickly shoveled dirt away from a window and dove into the house.  He saw the top of a baby crib, peeking out of the dirt that had caved in from a window, and he dug through the dirt and lifted the baby out of it.  He handed the baby out the window to another rescuer, and continued looking for other people.  At that moment he heard another thunderous sound, and another wave of mud showered down, filling the room until he was up to his neck.  He realized that there was no way he could save anyone else, and he just had to get out.  Minutes after he climbed out, the house collapsed under the weight of the mud.  The father and mother of the small baby were killed, and she was 5 months pregnant.  Also lost in the mudslide was all the livestock: sheep, cows, chickens, goats, all crushed under the mud. 

In the aftermath of this tragedy, there was little help or consolation.  The government contributed a 3-day contract for 2 dumptrucks and 1 excavator to clean up the damage, but in 3 days they had only cleaned up the house, the dead livestock were still buried under their collapsed buildings.  The community did the standard funeral, burial, wake, and mourning, and that was that.  Another tragedy in their midst; nothing out of the ordinary. 

Dave’s story complete, and my own heart torn, I now have to decide: what do I do?  He points to the hill and explains that his plan is to “lighten the load” of the face of the hill, so that if (when) it falls, it will not do as much damage.  He admits it’s a feeble attempt, but doesn’t know what else he can do.  He also shows me that there is a little area left in his yard where he could build a new room to move his family into, so that they could sleep 5 meters further from the hill.  He asked for relief money to build this room, because his wife agrees to return and live in a room there, but not in the one 5 meters closer to the hill.  I’m pretty sure that those 5 meters will not make much difference in his family’s safety.  So what was I going to do? 

I decided to do what I came to do: spend the morning shoveling with my driver Dave.  I wasn’t sure that we were going to accomplish much, but if taking a shovel with him would at least provide a sense of solidarity for him, I would do it.  So the three of us climbed the hill, about 150 ft up, and began to dig, one shovel at a time.  On the very front edge of the hill it was easy to shove the dirt down, tumbling all the way to the wall separating the base of the hill from his yard.  Dave’s goal, however, was to shovel from the edge, to 2-3 meters back from it.  Soon it became apparent that each shovel full of dirt would have to be scooped and handled not once or even twice, but probably 8 or more times, in order to send it down to the bottom of the hill.  I began to estimate that there was at least 500 cubic yards of dirt to move in this fashion.  For this morning, however, I tried to put these calculations out of my mind and just put my back into the task of joining this friend in the only action he could think about in order to bring his family back to a safe home. 

As I shoveled the morning away with Dave, he repeatedly urged me to commit relief money to him, either from the project or personally, so that he could build the new room 5 meters further from the hill.  I told him early on, and reminded him later, that I would not make any promises or decisions today, I needed time to consider this matter carefully.  Is that a disappointing response?  Sorry if you think I blew it, but I just couldn’t act until I had carefully thought this through.  On one hand, Dave’s request for helping building a new room was small and attainable, but would it provide protection?  On the other hand, Dave’s effort in shoveling the entire mountainside was insurmountable, and yet it seemed like the better way to look.  So how could I help him to move the mountain, without discouraging him by not helping him build a new room? 

When I got home later in the day, I went to work making phone calls to other organizations to ask for help.  There is still big aid money available in our region this year because of the insecurity and the drought, and one of the priorities is disaster-affected people.  So I called my friend who is the head of one of the UN organizations and co-chair of the Protection cluster.  I told him I had a disaster risk reduction project for him, and it could save the lives of 70 people.  He was interested, and asked me to draft him a proposal that he could take to the Protection cluster to push it further.  That finished, I went on to call another contact with USAID who personally advises the governor on the projects he should take up for public goodwill and improving governance.  I told him about the situation, and we talked about it a bit.  It seemed that this contact was not as easy to persuade, because he stood behind the government’s suggestion that these families just move away from the hill.  I urged my contact to consider that houses do not sit vacant, drifters would quickly move in to the empty, unsafe houses.  I also urged him to see that while the government’s reactive response in cleaning up the demolished house was one kind of help, what was really needed was a proactive government that would help people get away from imminent environment danger, and then put legislation in place so that people would not build on land like this.  He agreed that we could meet and talk about this more, so an appointment was made.

It’s too early to say what will come from my advocacy efforts to bigger organizations.  I hope that there will be a release of funding and an organization that is willing to manage a project where 20-30 men are hired to shovel the hill, and an excavator works from the bottom of the hill to move the dirt they shovel down.  If they do this, and leave it on a pitch that cannot be built on, but will not slide onto the houses below, this would be the best solution for this village (aside from moving).

Unfortunately, sometimes advocacy takes time to get a response, and practical minded fellows like Dave want a quicker response.  When Dave didn’t get the relief from me to build his new room, he called other foreigners he knew and asked them.  Somehow these foreigners learned I had been more directly involved and asked my opinion of the situation.  It was hard, but I had to say that I thought it was better if Dave did not build the new room, but rather continued to stay with his wife at her brother’s house, because it’s a safer place for them to be while it’s still rainy season. 

Before giving the suggestion that Dave leave the area rather than build a new room, I had some discussions with my CDP team about Dave’s situation, and this was informative.  As it turned out, our CDP facilitators had met with Dave just last summer, when he was digging at the base of the hill, in order to build a guestroom.  When they learned what he was doing, they urged him not to build a room there, because it was so close to the mountain, and was vulnerable to landslides.  Dave shrugged off their advice, saying, “this is the only land I have, I have to build here.”  Somehow, this information only made this situation harder for me to wade through.  It would have been easier, as a foreigner, to be naïve of that background story, and then just respond out of compassion and quickly answer his request now for a new room.  Since I had asked about the background, I was no longer naïve, and I had to deal with the fact that this victim I wanted to save had himself to blame as anyone else! 

It’s useless to say, “you should have listened to our CDP facilitators when they advised you not to build here.”  But isn’t it also useless to respond to Dave in a way that makes his choices seem without consequence?  What do you think, what can be done for Dave that would also have positive impact on the community around him?

    

TRACTORS!

My 2-year-old boy loves tractors right now.  The capital letters and exclamation point in the title of this post are for him.  A couple weeks ago I attended a field day put on by another NGO.  A good friend of mine who manages agriculture work in the whole northern region asked me if I would go and give him some feedback about the event, because he was unable to make it there.  So, one of the local staff and I went to tractor day, just outside town.  There was a small group of farmers there, some of them interested in tractors, and some were just there because it was more interesting than sitting at home.  

The prospect of the 2012 crop here seems good.  2011 was a drought because there was no precipitation from April 2010 until late December 2010.  Some snow came in January in February, but too little and too late for rainfed fields.  This year, however, will be good because rains and heavy snows started in November, and although there was a break in December, we are getting more precipitation in January.  Farmers here wait to see if there will be enough moisture, before they plant winter wheat.  In December much of the hillside winter wheat was planted by hand.  This tractor field day took place on January 2, on a 5 acre field.  The field was nice and flat, and was described to me as something between irrigated and rainfed, meaning that it was not flood irrigated, but they would try to direct irrigation water to it at 1 or 2 strategic times in the growing season.

The first demo was a relatively new 2-wheel tractor (2WT).  These have come in through China in the last couple years, and are slowly but surely grabbing interest.  The benefits for small farmers include: cheaper to operate and maintain than a team of cows (they run on 1 liter of diesel/hour and hay is expensive here), very versatile, can get into small fields, and a growing number of people in the country are learning how to tinker with them, so servicing them will only get easier.  On the downside, with a belt drive and power-take-off, they're quite dangerous for a farmer that has never had anything mechanized.  Above is a picture of the 2WT being used with a cultivator (read garden tiller).  The tractor clipped along at a good pace, the only criticism from the farmers was that it did not cultivate deeply enough for melons.  It is deep enough for wheat, but a lot of farmers like to plant a crop of melons after the winter wheat is harvested.

After the small portion of the field was cultivated, another 2WT with a direct seeder was put to work.  This seeder is quite new so it drew the attention of the farmers.  This also seemed to work simply enough, although I'm not sure it really had a good control for seed population.  Still it offered improved control on planting, because the standard practice is scattering seed by hand over chunky plowed soil, and then dragging a log sled over it to put some cover on the seeds.  The 2WT can also be used to harvest (a cutter-bar can be put on the front), pull trailers, and pump water.  Quite a useful technology, and available for right at $1,000.

 On to the big tractors!  These are not as new as the 2WT, but here farm tractors have been used more for hauling trailers than actually in fields.  On this demo day this NGO wanted to specifically start a comparison between direct seeding with prior field cultivation, and direct seeding without prior field cultivation.  So above you see the farmer field cultivating half of the field with a Belarus tractor.

And here they are getting the direct seeding drill set.  I thought at first that the point of the comparison was to show how well the direct seeding did in uncultivated soil.  To that extent, I thought the comparison was weak, because the uncultivated topsoil was still quite soft.  The real point of the comparison, however, was to see if weeds could be controlled without prior field cultivation.  Though it was January 2, there were small green weeds already peeking through the topsoil, so they had broadcasted a generic Roundup on the whole field.  If the wheat can bring a good crop without the prior field cultivation, farmers will be more interested in this direct seeder, because it's a one-pass planting.  

Who uses big tractors?  Not very many people in our province.  It seems to be just a few wealthy men that buy tractors so that they can do custom work at a rate of $20-40 an hour.  At that rate, it's a pretty big deal if planting can happen in 1 pass rather than 2!  

Here's a closer look at the drill.  The front hopper dispenses fertilizer, and the back drops the wheat seed.

Conclusions:

I have mixed feelings about bringing mechanization to farms here.  Right now the unemployment rate is miserable, and I do not see how mechanization can improve that, because manual field labor is one of the few things that men can do seasonally.  However, there have been and probably will continue to be some surprises.  For example, the 2WT turned out to be cheaper than keeping a family cow.  Also if the mining industry takes off here like so many hope, it may be profitable for women to manage the ag while men work the mines.  In this case I could see women getting smart, pooling some money, and getting a big tractor to share.

I guess the bottom line is that it is interesting to see farmers gather to consider new ideas, and though I don't know how the future will go here, it is fun to spend time in the fields!

Gap day

Our work week here starts on Saturday.  One of the first items of business is exchanging the weekend “gap” (which means talk, or gossip, in the local language.)  A little bit of gossip at the start of the week is not a bad idea in a place where we have to be very conscious of the security situation, and we need to be attentive to people’s ever changing needs.  So I meet with the men for the first half hour to hear the gap from them, and then I hear from the women in the second half hour.  After this we have a weekly feedback and planning meeting, in which the gap swap continues.  Lately I have come to look forward to the Saturday morning routine, because there has been some good stories and encouraging news shared by the team.  Of course, it’s not all good, there are also some bummer stories, so I will start by sharing a couple of those with you, and then I’ll share some more positive ones.

The bummer stories of the last 2 weeks:

A few nights ago some guys lobbed 2 rockets at the gate of the NATO camp.  It was loud, even here on the other side of town.  It didn’t break the gate though, nor did it injure or kill anyone, and the next morning, it was business as usual throughout the town.  It’s disappointing that even in a calm season some guys decide to do this, just to keep us well aware of what is going on in the rural districts around us.

There’s been a lot of snow and rain this season, which is great for crops in the coming year, but really bad for marginalized people in unsafe housing.  We have heard of a couple of roofs collapsing in old mud homes.  The worst story was about a house just below a cliff, that was completely demolished and covered by a mudslide, killing the whole family sleeping inside.  This was less than a mile away from us, and the community has been somber about this for days.  We are trying to get a disaster specialist here to give us some training in disaster risk reduction so we can better understand how to work with whole communities to help these marginalized people move to safety.

  Last week, in one of the villages where we have sanitation projects ongoing, a woman was using her old latrine when all of the sudden the rotting wood floor beams broke and she began to fall in.  Most latrines here are 6-10 meters deep, so falling in means you could die, or at least it’s going to be really hard to get you back out.  Lucky for this lady, there was a bicycle parked in the latrine (what you don’t have a bike in your bathroom?), and she grabbed hold of the bike’s front wheel as she fell in.  The bike wedged against the floor, and the woman hung on to that wheel for dear life.  Someone came to rescue her, dangling from a bicycle, under the floor of her latrine, before she fell in the poo.  See this story had a good ending, but because it’s so gross I also wrote it with the bummer stories.  After one of our team members told this story to the whole team, they became very concerned that our office latrine (with an old wood floor) may collapse on them.  I told them that I would hang a strong rope from the rafters, and they could tie it around their waist before they squatted to do their business.  Huh, they didn’t take me serious, and instead went on to fix the floor with rebar and cement. 

The better stories:

Our BLiSS (midwife) courses are going awesome!  The interest that these courses have generated is such an encouragement.  We work in a place where the expectation is that people will be paid to come to any training, because that has been done over and over again by the other NGOs here.  Despite that, we have succeeded in filling these classes with volunteer participants!  Not only that, the team reports that these women are gathered in the muddy road waiting for the course to start each morning.  Other NGOs have started to ask us what we are doing to have such enthusiastic participants, and when we say we don’t pay them, they don’t believe it.  The truth is, our facilitators are excellent, and the way they do this training really draws the women in.

Already, two lives have possibly been saved thanks to the BLiSS training.  One was a birthing mother who hemorrhaged, and the midwife, who was in our course, realized that she had to quickly get her to a clinic (she admitted she would not have known prior to the course).  The other life was a week old baby that was struggling to nurse, and the mother had given in to the cultural remedies of giving the baby oil and other things that babies should not have, and it was not well.  After the lesson on breastfeeding, the mother stopped her other work, sat down and devoted an entire day to one task: helping her baby get breastmilk (first from a cup of expressed breastmilk), and learn to nurse.  The baby is doing well now.

The midwives and mothers participating in the BLiSS course are enthused about what they are learning.  This morning our women said that a number of the participants said they never knew that foremilk was so important, and never knew that they should wash their baby in the first month!  Other women said they were glad to learn the importance of using a clean and sterile blade to cut the cord- they had typically just used 2 stones!

In other project news, we are glad to hear that our simple greenhouse program has been sustainable.  Some of the women that we trained last year have made their own greenhouses this spring, with no further input from us!

The Biosand Filters (BSF) have held their value for the most part as well.  It has been very hard to push them to private market, but every now and then we hear a story about a family that had really been suffering from water borne diseases, and when they hear about the BSF, nothing could stop them from seeking out the factory and buying their own.  I heard another one of these stories this morning.

Hearing all of these positive stories, I asked the team this morning to think about how they can make these stories spread throughout the 15 communities we have worked in in the past year, to advocate for these good changes and good learning to continue.  We had a great talk about this, and what we concluded is that we need to treat these stories and topics not like a formal course, but like juicy gossip that just has to be passed on. 

More good news?  The annual report for 2011’s projects is actually going really well.  My local leaders are much better at reporting than at strategic planning and proposal writing, so I’m happy it’s the season for reports, not proposals!